Publications
Monographs
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (2024): Cognitive Linguistics and Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [open access]
Ungerer, Tobias & Stefan Hartmann (2023): Constructionist approaches. Past, present, future. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Deutsche Sprachgeschichte. Grundzüge und Methoden. Tübingen: Narr. [link] [Supplementary material] [Errata]
Hartmann, Stefan (2016): Wortbildungswandel. Eine diachrone Studie zu deutschen Nominalisierungsmustern. (Studia Linguistica Germanica, 125.) Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. [link] [datasets on TroLLing]
Journal papers
Quick, Antje Endesfelder, Stefan Hartmann, Nikolas Koch, Stefan Hartmann & Paul Ibbotson (2026): A dynamic network approach to bilingual child data. Cognitive Linguistics. [open access]
Baumann, Andreas & Stefan Hartmann. 2025. The chicken and the egg: unraveling aspects of semantic change and how they relate to lexical acquisition. Cognition. [open access]
Benítez Burraco, Antonio, Michael Pleyer & Stefan Hartmann. 2025. The role of play in language structure, acquisition, and evolution. Language and Linguistics Compass. [open access]
Koch, Nikolas, Antje Endesfelder Quick & Stefan Hartmann. 2025. Recycling constructional patterns: The role of chunks in early bilingual acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism. [open access].
Neumair, Phillip A., Fiona M. Gehrecke, Stefan Hartmann & Alexander Ziem. (2025): A frame-semantic approach to conceptual metaphors in the domain of emotion. Language and Cognition, special issue “Emotions & Corpora”, ed. by Małgorzata Fabiszak & Dylan Glynn. [open access].
Ungerer, Tobias & Stefan Hartmann. 2024. Contrastive is the new black: A cross-linguistic study of a ‘snowclone’ in English, German, and Spanish. Quaderns de Filologia XXIX. 217–235. [open access]
Hetjens, Dominik & Stefan Hartmann (2024): Effects of Gender Sensitive Language in Job Listings: A Study on Real-Life User Interaction. PLoS One. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan & Olaf Mikkelsen (2024): Future constructions in English and Norwegian. A contrastive corpus study. Languages in Contrast. [link]
Ibbotson, Paul, Antje Endesfelder Quick, Stefan Hartmann & Nikolas Koch (2024): Frequency, redundancy and context in bilingual acquisition. Journal of Child Language. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan, Sławomir Wacewicz, Andrea Ravignani, Daria Valente, Evelina Daniela Rodrigues, Rie Asano, Yannick Jadoul (2024): Delineating the field of language evolution research: A quantitative analysis of peer-review patterns at the Joint Conference on Language Evolution (JCoLE 2022). Interaction Studies. doi 10.1075/is.00024.har [pdf]
Berg, Kristian, Stefan Hartmann & Daniel Claeser (2023): Are some morphological units more prone to spelling variation than others? A case study using spontaneous handwritten data. Morphology. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2023): Komplexe Wörter zwischen Konstrukt und Konstruktion. Neuere gebrauchsbasierte Ansätze und ihre Implikationen für die Wortbildung. Zeitschrift für Wortbildung. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan & Tobias Ungerer (2023): Attack of the snowclones. A corpus-based analysis of extravagant formulaic patterns. Journal of Linguistics. [open access]
Cappelle, Bert, Robert Daugs & Stefan Hartmann (2023): The English privative prefixes near-, pseudo- and quasi-: Approximation and ‘disproximation’. Journal of Word Formation. [open access]
Koch, Nikolas, Stefan Hartmann & Antje Endesfelder Quick (2022): Traceback and chunk-based learning. Comparing corpus-based computational approaches to child code-mixing. Languages. [open access]
Pleyer, Michael, Ryan Lepic & Stefan Hartmann (2022): Compositionality in Different Modalities: A View from Usage-Based Linguistics. International Journal of Primatology. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan & Antje Endesfelder Quick (2022): und das da go to school. Bilingualer Spracherwerb und Phänomene mehrsprachigen Sprechens. Der Deutschunterricht.
Quick, Antje Endesfelder & Stefan Hartmann (2021): The building blocks of child bilingual code-mixing – A cross-corpus traceback approach. Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan (2021): Diachronie der Zukunft: werden + Infinitiv und Konkurrenzkonstruktionen im Mittelhochdeutschen und Frühneuhochdeutschen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur.
Koch, Nikolas, Antje Endesfelder Quick & Stefan Hartmann (2021): The Traceback method and the early constructicon: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan, Sławomir Wacewicz, Przemysław Żywiczyński, Michael Pleyer & Antonio Benítez-Burraco (2021): Hypotheses and definitions in language evolution research. A reply to Mendívil-Giró. Biolinguistics. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan & Michael Pleyer (2021): Constructing a protolanguage: Reconstructing prehistoric languages in a usage-based construction grammar framework. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. [link] [preprint]
Ungerer, Tobias & Stefan Hartmann (2020): Delineating extravagance. Assessing speakers’ perceptions of imaginative constructional patterns. Belgian Journal of Linguistics. [link] [preprint]
Koch, Nikolas, Antje Endesfelder Quick & Stefan Hartmann (2020): Individual differences in discourse priming. A traceback approach. Belgian Journal of Linguistics. [link]
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (2020): Construction Grammar for monkeys? Animal communication and its implications for language evolution in the light of usage-based linguistic theory. Evolutionary Linguistic Theory. [link] [preprint]
Wacewicz, Sławomir, Przemysław Żywiczyński, Stefan Hartmann, Michael Pleyer & Antonio Benítez-Burraco (2020): Language in language evolution research. Towards a pluralistic view. Biolinguistics. [link]
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (2019): Constructing a consensus on language evolution? Convergences and differences between biolinguistic and usage-based approaches. Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2019): Compound worlds and metaphor landscapes: Affixoids, allostructions, and higher-order generalizations. Word Structure. [link] [preprint] [data & preprint on osf]
Endesfelder Quick, Antje, Stefan Hartmann, Ad Backus & Elena Lieven (2019): Entrenchment and productivity. The role of input in the code-mixing of a German-English bilingual child. Applied Linguistics Review. doi 10.1515/applirev-2019-0027. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Up and down the substantivization cline: Response to Bekaert & Enghels. Language Sciences. doi 10.1016/j.langsci.2018.07.007[preprint] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Derivational morphology in flux. A case study on word-formation change in German. Cognitive Linguistics. [pdf] [link] [dataset & scripts]
Pleyer, Michael, Stefan Hartmann, James Winters & Jordan Zlatev (2017): Interaction and iconicity in the evolution of language. Introduction to the special issue. Interaction Studies. [preprint] [link]
Tinits, Peeter, Jonas Nölle & Stefan Hartmann (2017): Usage context influences the evolution of overspecification in Iterated Learning. Journal of Language Evolution 2(2), 148-159. doi 10.1093/jole/lzx011 [link] [dataset & scripts]
Barteld, Fabian, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (2016): The usage and spread of sentence-internal capitalization in Early New High German. A multifactorial approach. Folia Linguistica 50(2), 385-412. [pdf] [link] [datasets & scrips on TroLLing]
Fonteyn, Lauren & Stefan Hartmann (2016): Usage-based perspectives on diachronic morphology: A mixed-methods approach towards English ing-nominals. Linguistics Vanguard. [pdf] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): What drives morphological change? A case study from the history of German. Linguisticae Investigationes 37.2, Special Issue “Morphology and its Interfaces”. [pdf] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): “Nominalization” Taken Literally. A Diachronic Corpus Study of German Word-Formation Patterns. Italian Journal of Linguistics 26, Special Issue “New Territories in Word-Formation”, 123-156. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan (2013): Zwischen Transparenz und Lexikalisierung: Das Wortbildungsmuster X-ung(e) im Mittelhochdeutschen. In: Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 135 (2), 159-183. [pdf] [link] [dataset]
Hartmann, Stefan (2013): Das Wortbilden und die Wortbildung. Was grammatikalischer Wandel über Sprache und Kognition verrät. In: Nouveaux Cahiers d’Allemand 31 (2), 163-175.
Editorial work
Speed, Laura J. & Stefan Hartmann (eds.) (in prep.) Handbook of Language and Cognition. London: Bloomsbury.
Bender, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (eds.) (in prep.) Was machen wir mit KI - und was macht KI mit uns? Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanistenverbands.
Quick, Antje Endesfelder, Nikolas Koch & Stefan Hartmann (eds.). forthc. Usage-Based Approaches to Multilingualism: Language Acquisition, Language Contact, Language Attrition. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Meletis, Dimitrios, Stefan Hartmann & Rebecca Treiman (forthc.): Handbook of Germanic Writing Systems. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Hartmann, Stefan & Lena Schnee (eds.). 2026. Futures of the past. The diachrony of future constructions across languages. Berlin: Language Science Press. [open access]
Schnee, Lena, Henriette Huber & Stefan Hartmann (eds.). 2025. Historische Grammatik(en). (Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte 16.) Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. [link]
Hartmann, Stefan, Evelina Daniela Rodrigues, Michael Pleyer, Natlie Uomini & Nathalie Gontier (eds.) (2024): Comparative perspectives on multimodality and compositionality. Special issue of International Journal of Primatology.
Hartmann, Stefan, Jonas Nölle & Peeter Tinits (eds.). 2020. New directions in language evolution research. Special issue of Language Dynamics and Change. [Part 1] [Part 2]
Dücker, Lisa, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (eds.). 2019. Historische Korpuslinguistik. (Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte 10). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. [link]
Dücker, Lisa, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (eds.) 2020. Hexenverhörprotokolle als sprachhistorisches Korpus. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik). [link]
Cuyckens, Hubert, Liesbet Heyvaert & Stefan Hartmann (eds.) 2019. Categorial shift – From description to theory and back again. Special issue of Language Sciences.
Hartmann, Stefan, Michael Pleyer, James Winters & Jordan Zlatev (eds.). 2017. Interaction and iconicity in the evolution of language. Special issue of Interaction Studies.
Hartmann, Stefan (ed.). 2017. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 2016. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. [link]
Handbook chapters
Hartmann, Stefan & Michael Pleyer. 2025. Corpus-based approaches to evolutionary dynamics in language. In Limor Raviv & Cedric Boeckx (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Approaches to Language Evolution, 111–126. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192886491.013.7. [preprint]
Hartmann, Stefan. (2024). Derivation in Germanic. In Sebastian Kürschner and Antje Dammel (eds.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Germanic Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.955. [link] [preprint]
Hartmann, Stefan & Renata Szczepaniak. (2023). Elements of writing systems. In Marco Condorelli & Hanna Rutkowska (eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Historical Orthography, 50–73. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108766463.003.
Papers in edited volumes
Schnee, Lena & Stefan Hartmann. 2026. Constructional template or competitor? Revisiting the relation between German werden + Infinitive and werden + Present Participle based on new datasets. In Hartmann, Stefan & Lena Schnee (eds.). Futures of the past. The diachrony of future constructions across languages. Berlin: Language Science Press. [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan & Tobias Ungerer. 2025. Chaos Theory, Shmaos Theory: Creativity and Routine in English shm -Reduplication. In Sabine Arndt-Lappe & Natalia Filatkina (eds.), Dynamics at the Lexicon-Syntax Interface, 295–322. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. [link] .
Hartmann, Stefan, Nikolas Koch, Antje Endesfelder Quick & Claudia Maria Riehl. 2025. sieht man schon die leuten an, wer deutsch spricht: Eine quantitative Analyse des Dativabbaus im Blumenau-Deutschen. In Adriano Murelli (ed.), Gesprochenes Deutsch heute, 195–214. De Gruyter. [link]
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann. 2023. A usage-based perspective on evolutionary pragmatics. In: Ines Adornetti & Francesco Ferretti (eds.), Introducing Evolutionary Pragmatics: How Language Emerges from Use. London: Routledge.
Mikkelsen, Olaf & Stefan Hartmann. 2022. Competing future constructions and the complexity principle: A contrastive outlook. In Susanne Flach & Martin Hilpert (eds.), Broadening the spectrum of corpus linguistics: new approaches to variability and change (Studies in Corpus Linguistics volume 105), 9–40. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dücker, Lisa, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (2021): The emergence of sentence-internal capitalization in Early New High German: Towards a multifactorial quantitative account. In Marco Condorelli (ed.): Advances in diachronic orthography, 1500-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dücker, Lisa, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (2021): Satzinterne Großschreibung in Hexenverhörprotokollen. Multifaktorielle Analyse des Majuskelgebrauchs – pragmatische, semantische und syntaktische Einflussfaktoren. In Lisa Dücker, Stefan Hartmann & Renata Szczepaniak (eds.): Hexenverhörprotokolle als sprachhistorisches Korpus. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
Hartmann, Stefan & Michael Pleyer. 2020. A new hope (for common ground)? Convergences between biolinguistic and usage-based approaches to language and its evolution. In Andrea Ravignani, Chiara Barbieri, Mauricio Martins, Molly Flaherty, Yannick Jadoul, Ella Lattenkamp, Hannah Little, Katie Mudd & Tessa Verhoef (eds.), The evolution of language: Proceedings of the 13th international conference (EvoLang13). [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Divergent theories, converging evidence. The constructional semantics of competing future constructions. In Beate Hampe & Susanne Flach (eds.), Corpora, Constructions, Cognition. A Festschrift for Doris Schönefeld. (Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 2018.) Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. [link]
Neels, Jakob & Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Reduction or expansion? A bit of both. A case study on the development of German degree modifiers. In: Coussé, E. et al.: Grammaticalization meets Construction Grammar. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 137-168. [preprint] [link]
Kempf, Luise & Hartmann, Stefan (2018): Schema unification and morphological productivity. A diachronic perspective. To appear in: Geert Booij (ed.), The construction of words: Advances in construction morphology. Berlin: Springer, 441-474. [preprint]
Hartmann, Stefan & Sties, Nora (2017): Implizite Aggression in Online-Kommentaren anlässlich der Debatte um rassistische Sprache in Kinderbüchern. In: Bonacchi, S. (ed.): Verbale Aggression. Multidisziplinäre Zugänge zur verletztenden Macht der Sprache. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 305-328. [pdf] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2016): Mittendrin statt nur dabei. Progressivität und experimentelle Semantik. In: Holl, D.; Noel Aziz Hanna, P.; Sonnenhauser, B.; Trautmann, C. (eds.): Variation und Typologie. (Bavarian Working Papers in Linguistics.) [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan, Peeter Tinits, Jonas Nölle, Thomas Hartmann & Michael Pleyer (2016): Plain Simple Complex Structures. The Emergence of Overspecification in an Iterated Learning Setup. In: Seán G. Roberts, Christine Cuskley, Luke McCrohon, Lluís Barceló-Coblijn, Olga Fehér & Tessa Verhoef (eds.) The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (EVOLANG11). [open access]
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (2016): Construction Grammar for Apes. In: Seán G. Roberts, Christine Cuskley, Luke McCrohon, Lluís Barceló-Coblijn, Olga Fehér & Tessa Verhoef (eds.) The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (EVOLANG11). [open access]
Hartmann, Stefan (2015): Metaphorische Grenzgänge. Die wissenschaftliche Metapher im linguistischen Diskurs. In: Andreas Hölzl, Matthias Klumm, Mara Matičević, Thomas Scharinger, Johannes Ungelenk & Nora Zapf (Eds.): Die Politik der Metapher. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann,157-171. [pdf]
Hartmann, Stefan (2015): Constructional Change at the Interface of Cognition, Culture, and Language Use. In: Haug, D.T.T. (Ed.): Historical Linguistics 2013. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. [pdf]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): Constructing a Schema. Word-Class Changing Morphology in a Usage-Based Perspective. In: Hilpert, M. & Flach, S. (Eds.): Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 2014. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter. [pdf] [link to publisher’s version] [Datasets & R Script]
Pleyer, Michael & Stefan Hartmann (2014): A Matter of Perspective. Viewpoint Phenomena in the Evolution of Grammar. In: Cartmill, Erica A., Seán G., Heidi Lyn & Hannah Cornish (eds.): The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference. Singapore: World Scientific, 98-105. [pdf]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): A Constructionist Approach to the Evolution of Morphological Complexity. In: Cartmill, Erica A., Seán G., Heidi Lyn & Hannah Cornish (eds.): The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference. Singapore: World Scientific, 106-113. [pdf]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014b): Mögliche und unmögliche Wörter. Wortbildungsrestriktionen im diachronen Wandel. In: Babel, Reinhard, Nadine Feßler, Sandra Fluhrer, Sebastian Huber & Sebastian Thede: Alles Mögliche. Sprechen, Denken und Schreiben des (Un)Möglichen. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 223-235. [preprint]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): The Diachronic Change of German Nominalization Patterns. An Increase in Prototypicality. In: Rundblad, Gabriella, Aga Tytus, Olivia Knaption & Chris Tang (eds.): Selected Papers from the 4th UK Cognitive Linguistics Conference. London: UK Cognitive Linguistics Association, 152-171. [pdf]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): The Rise and Fall of Word-Formation Patterns. A Historical Cognitive-Linguistic Approach to Word-Formation Change. In: Evelyn Gandón Chapela et al. (eds.): Current Research in Applied Linguistics: Issues on Language and Cognition. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 74-102. [preprint]
Hartmann, Stefan (2014): Wortbildungswandel im Spiegel der Sprachtheorie: Paradigmen, Konzepte, Methoden. In: Vilmos Ágel & Andreas Gardt (eds.): Paradigmen der aktuellen Sprachgeschichtsforschung. (Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte, 5.) Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 176-193. [pdf] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2013a): Ergoogelung, Entfreundung, Klarifizierung. Zur Produktivität der ung-Nominalisierung im Gegenwartsdeutschen im diachronen Vergleich. In: Petra M. Vogel (ed.): Sprachwandel im Neuhochdeutschen. (Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte; 4.) Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 94-108. [pdf] [link]
Hartmann, Stefan (2013b): Sterben in Metaphern. Liebestod und Kognitive Poetik. In: Danielle Buschinger, Florent Gabaude, Jürgen Kühnel & Mathieu Olivier (eds.): Tristan et Yseut, ou L’Eternel Retour. (Médiévales; 56.) Amiens: Presses du Centre d’Etudes Médiévales, 136-147.
Hartmann, Stefan (2012a): Linguistische Kategorien und derivationsmorphologischer Wandel. Prototypenansätze in der Sprachwissenschaft am Beispiel der diachronen Entwicklung der ung-Nominalisierung. In: Elisabeth Fritz, Rita Rieger, Nils Kasper & Stephan Köchel (eds.): Kategorien zwischen Denkform, Analysewerkzeug und historischem Diskurs. Heidelberg: Winter, 143-158.
Hartmann, Stefan (2012b): Verbotene Wörter. Unmögliche Möglichkeiten in Kultur, Literatur, Religion und Sprache. In: Danielle Buschinger, Jürgen Kühnel, Claire Le Ninan & Christine Reno (eds.): Les Interdits. Actes du Colloque International à Amiens, 1, 2 et 3 mars 2012. (Médiévales, 54.) Amiens: Presses du Centre d’Études Médiévales, 89-101.
Hartmann, S. (2012c): Isoldes Gottesurteil im Kontext des zeitgenössischen Wunderdiskurses: Theologische und mentalitätsgeschichtliche Überlegungen zu einer Schlüsselpassage des Gottfriedschen “Tristan”-Fragments. In: Kolisang, Caroline & Stefan Hartmann (eds): Variationen des Tristan-Stoffes in diachroner Darstellung. Herausgegeben in Zusammenarbeit mit Danielle Buschinger. (Médiévales, 52.) Amiens: Presses du “Centre d’Études Médiévales”, 16-38.
Miscellaneous papers
Barceló i Coblijn, Lluís; Cuthbertson, Cory M.; Graham, Kirsty E.; Hartmann, Stefan & Pleyer, Michael (2016): Conference Report on Evolang 11. Journal of Language Evolution 1(2), 159-162. [link]
Parino, Katrin & Stefan Hartmann (2017): Tagungsbericht “Register des digitalen Schreibens”. Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 45(3), 443-450.
Hartmann, Stefan (2016): Zwischen Fantasy und Postmoderne. Aspekte der Nibelungen-Rezeption in der zeitgenössischen Literatur. In Jürgen Kühnel & Florent Gabaude (eds.): Études offertes à Danielle Buschinger par ses collègues, élèves et amis à l’occasion de son quatre-vingtième anniversaire. Vol. 2. Amiens: Presses du Centre d’Études Médiévales de Picardie, 68-77.